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do as the law requires

  • 1 (the) law requires ...

    закон требует...

    English-Russian combinatory dictionary > (the) law requires ...

  • 2 as the law requires

    юр.Н.П. законным порядком

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > as the law requires

  • 3 as the occasion requires

    சந்தர்ப்பம் கோருகிறபடி

    English-Tamil dictionary > as the occasion requires

  • 4 law

    1) закон; право ( як система законів); правознавство, законознавство; юстиція; професія юриста; суд, судовий процес, судова процедура; розм. юристи; правило; the law розм. поліція, поліцейський
    2) атриб. юридичний, законний, правовий

    law based on judicial decisions — право, засноване на судових (прецедентних) рішеннях

    law of international organizations — право, що регулює діяльність міжнародних організацій

    law on amendments and additions( to the law on smth) закон про внесення змін і доповнень ( до закону про щось)

    law on combating organized crime= law on combatting organized crime закон про боротьбу з організованою злочинністю

    law on combatting organized crime= law on combating organized crime

    - law-abiding citizen
    - law-abiding person
    - law-abidingness
    - law administration
    - law agent
    - law analogy
    - law and equity
    - law and order
    - law-and-order
    - law-and-order advocate
    - law-and-order campaign
    - law-and-order candidate
    - law-and-order champion
    - law-and-order force
    - law and order maintenance
    - law and usage of Parliament
    - law application
    - law as a career
    - law as amended
    - law as fact
    - law as norm
    - law blank
    - law-book
    - law books
    - law-breaker
    - law-breaking
    - law case
    - law canter
    - law centre
    - law changes
    - law charge
    - law charges
    - law Christian
    - law clerk
    - law code
    - law commentator
    - law compliance
    - law-complying
    - law-complying citizen
    - law-complying person
    - law conference
    - law costs
    - law course
    - law-court
    - law courts
    - law-creating
    - law-creating process
    - law-creating source
    - law creation
    - law day
    - Law Day
    - law defiance
    - law-defying person
    - law degree
    - law department
    - law dictionary
    - law digest
    - law doctorate
    - law drafting
    - law draftsman
    - law due to expire
    - law education
    - law effectiveness
    - law enforcement
    - law-enforcement
    - law enforcement agency
    - law enforcement action
    - law enforcement administration
    - law enforcement administrator
    - law enforcement agencies
    - law enforcement forces
    - law enforcement agency
    - law enforcement agent
    - law enforcement authority
    - law enforcement body
    - law enforcement classification
    - law-enforcement community
    - law enforcement duty
    - law enforcement effectiveness
    - law enforcement establishment
    - law-enforcement executive
    - law enforcement force
    - law enforcement intelligence
    - law enforcement investigator
    - law enforcement manual
    - law enforcement matter
    - law-enforcement officer
    - law-enforcement official
    - law enforcement personnel
    - law enforcement policy
    - law enforcement procedure
    - law enforcement process
    - law enforcement statistics
    - law enforcement structure
    - law enforcement system
    - law-enforcement technique
    - law enforcer
    - law enforcing body
    - law examiner
    - law-executing power
    - law expenses
    - law factory
    - law faculty
    - law firm
    - law for the time being
    - law form
    - law-forming decision
    - law French
    - law-giver
    - law-governed
    - law-governed state
    - law in effect
    - law in force
    - law in vigor
    - law in vigour
    - law-interpreting power
    - law interpretation
    - law is silent
    - law judgement
    - law judgment
    - law language
    - Law Latin
    - law lecture
    - law library
    - law-list
    - Law Lords
    - law lords
    - law-maker
    - law-making
    - law-making activity
    - law-making body
    - law-making instrument
    - law-making power
    - law-making process
    - law-making treaty
    - law manuscript
    - law martial
    - law matter
    - law merchant
    - law-monger
    - law obedience
    - law-obedient
    - law obedient citizen
    - law obedient person
    - law observance
    - law of accidental error
    - law of agency
    - law of arbitral procedure
    - law of armed conflict
    - law of arms
    - law of business property
    - law of casuality
    - law of civil procedure
    - law of conflict
    - law of contract
    - law of copyright
    - law of corrections
    - law of crime
    - law of crimes
    - law of criminal procedure
    - law of domestic relations
    - law of domestical relations
    - law of employment
    - law of enforceable rights
    - law of equity
    - law of evidence
    - law of God
    - law of immovable property
    - law of industrial relations
    - law of inheritance
    - law of international trade
    - law of landlord and tenant
    - law of marriage
    - law of master and servant
    - law of merchant shipping
    - lawof nations
    - lawof nature
    - law of neighboring tenements
    - law of neighbouring tenements
    - law of no effect
    - law of obligation
    - law of outer space
    - law of peace
    - law of persons
    - law of power
    - law of practice
    - law of precedent
    - law of prize
    - law of procedure
    - law of property
    - law of property act
    - law of quasi-contract
    - law of real property
    - law of rights
    - law of self-preservation
    - law of shipping
    - law of substance
    - law of succession
    - law of talion
    - law of the air
    - law of the case
    - Law of the Church
    - Law of the church
    - law of the Constitution
    - law of the court
    - law of the flag
    - law of the jungle
    - law of the land
    - law of the land clause
    - law of the sea
    - law of the situs
    - law of the staple
    - law of the United Nations
    - law of torts
    - law of treaties
    - law of trust
    - law of wages
    - law of war
    - law of wills
    - law offender
    - law-office
    - law office
    - law officer
    - law officers of the Crown
    - law on additions
    - law on amendments
    - law on cooperation
    - law on elections
    - law on refugees
    - law on the state budget
    - law order
    - law person
    - law policy
    - law position
    - law practice
    - law proceeding
    - law proceedings
    - law profession
    - law professor
    - law-protected
    - law reform
    - law remedy
    - law report
    - law reporter
    - law reports
    - law-restricted
    - law review
    - law revision
    - law revision commission
    - law school
    - law school curriculum
    - law side
    - law sitting
    - law society
    - law spiritual
    - law still in force
    - law still in vigor
    - law still in vigour
    - law student
    - law suit
    - law system
    - law teacher at the university
    - law teaching
    - law temporal
    - law term
    - law-term
    - law terminology
    - law terms
    - law textbook
    - law theory
    - law-trained
    - law treaty
    - law-unabiding
    - law-unabiding citizen
    - law unacted upon
    - law violation
    - law-violator
    - law was in being since...
    - law wife
    - law-writer
    - law's provision
    - laws of war

    English-Ukrainian law dictionary > law

  • 5 law

    [lɔː]
    n
    закон, право, правило

    It's against the law. — Это запрещено законом.

    The law was given out in — 1917. Этот закон был издан в 1917 году.

    Respect for the law is the foundation of civilized society living. — Уважение к закону - основа цивилизованного общества.

    The machinary of the law was set in motion. — В движение пришел механизм законопорядка.

    Many of the laws passed by Parliament are never enforced. — Многие законы, принятые Парламентом, никогда не вступают в силу.

    A degree in law would be an advantage in the job market. — Ученая степень по юридическим наукам будет преимуществом при получении работы.

    Necessity knows no law. — Нужда свой закон пишет. /Для нужды нет закона.

    One law for the rich and another for the poor. — Закон, что дышло, куда повернул, туда и вышло. /У сильного всегда бессильный виноват.

    Possession is nine points of the law. — Бедному с богатым судиться, лучше в ложке утопиться. /Богатый всегда прав.

    - economic law
    - wise law
    - nature's laws
    - old law
    - active law
    - just law
    - fundamental law
    - rigorous laws
    - mortal law
    - criminal law
    - civil law
    - public law
    - common law
    - customary law
    - administrative law
    - municipal law
    - regional international law
    - Mendeleev's laws
    - Grimm's laws
    - natural law
    - economic laws
    - divorce law
    - conscription law
    - scientific laws
    - social laws
    - human laws
    - moral laws
    - marriage laws
    - irreversible laws
    - Lynch law
    - occupation laws
    - immigration laws
    - war-time laws
    - copyright law
    - traffic laws
    - speed laws
    - unwritten laws
    - standing laws
    - binding laws
    - law and order
    - law court
    - law school
    - law department
    - law digest
    - law firm
    - my in-laws
    - law of the country
    - supreme law of the country
    - law against truancy
    - law of criminal procedure
    - law of treaties
    - law of gravity
    - laws of harmony
    - law of self-preservation
    - law of probability
    - laws of hospitality
    - laws of honour
    - laws of the jungle
    - laws of football
    - protected by law
    - regulated by law
    - rules set by the law
    - rules provided in the law
    - process governed by certain laws
    - question of law
    - doctor of law
    - career in law
    - letter of the law
    - spirit of the law
    - force of law
    - violation of the law
    - according to the law
    - before the law
    - under Japanese laws
    - in conformity with the law
    - according to the laws of the country
    - under existing laws
    - in accordancewith the letter and spirit of the law
    - abide by law
    - act according to the law
    - adopt a law
    - amend the laws
    - argue for the new law
    - avoid the law
    - be equal before law
    - be punishable by law
    - be at law with smb
    - be above the law
    - be against the law
    - become law
    - break the law
    - circumvent the law
    - comply with the law
    - disregard law
    - ignore law
    - denounes law
    - enact laws
    - give smb to the law
    - go to law
    - go in for the law
    - have in trouble with the law
    - have the law on smb
    - keep within the law
    - know the law
    - maintain law and order
    - make severe laws
    - obey the law
    - observe the law
    - practise law
    - put the city under martial law
    - read for the law
    - repeal a law
    - resist the law
    - square the law with practice
    - stretch the law
    - study law
    - study the laws of thermodynamics
    - take the law into one's own hands
    - law forbids smb to do smth
    - law requires...
    - law is punctually kept
    - law was put into force
    - Billbecome law
    - everyone is equal under the law
    - comstitution is the supreme law of the country
    USAGE:
    Обозначение родства, приобретенного в результате женитьбы, оформляется в английском языке образованием сложного слова с неизменным компонентом - in-law, который присоединяется к любому простому термину родства: son-in-law зять; daught-in-law невестка; father-in-law тесть/свекор; mother-in-law теща/свекровь; brother-in-law днвнрь/зять/шурин; sister-in-law невкстка/золовка/своячеица

    English-Russian combinatory dictionary > law

  • 6 unless the context otherwise requires

    தறுவாய் தருணம் வேறு பொருள் குறித்தாலன்றி

    English-Tamil dictionary > unless the context otherwise requires

  • 7 Principles for the data access and the testability of digital documents

    A German law that requires tax authorities to be capable of digitally checking data from electronic bookkeeping systems.

    English-Arabic terms dictionary > Principles for the data access and the testability of digital documents

  • 8 require

    1) (to need: Is there anything else you require?) necesitar, precisar
    2) (to ask, force or order to do something: You are required by law to send your children to school; I will do everything that is required of me.) exigir
    require vb requerir / necesitar
    tr[rɪ'kwaɪəSMALLr/SMALL]
    1 requerir, exigir
    2 (need) necesitar, requerir
    \
    SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL
    to be required to do something estar obligado,-a a hacer algo
    require [ri'kwaɪr] vt, - quired ; - quiring
    1) call for, demand: requerir, exigir
    if required: si se requiere
    to require that something be done: exigir que algo se haga
    2) need: necesitar, requerir
    v.
    exigir v.
    necesitar v.
    requerir v.
    solicitar v.
    rɪ'kwaɪr, rɪ'kwaɪə(r)
    1)
    a) ( need) necesitar; ( call for) \<\<patience/dedication\>\> requerir*, exigir*
    b) ( demand)

    to require somebody/something to + INF — requerir* que alguien/algo (+ subj)

    to require that: the law requires that you wear a helmet la ley le obliga a llevar or exige que lleve casco; to require something OF somebody: all that is required of you is that you observe the rules todo lo que se te exige es que cumplas con el reglamento; I shall do all that is required of me — haré todo lo que me corresponda

    2) required past p
    a) <dose/amount> necesario
    b) ( compulsory) <reading/viewing> obligado
    [rɪ'kwaɪǝ(r)]
    VT
    1) (=need) necesitar

    is there anything you require? — ¿necesita usted algo?

    2) (=call for, take) [+ patience, effort] requerir
    3) (=ask, demand)

    what qualifications are required? — ¿qué títulos se requieren?

    to require that: the law requires that safety belts be worn — la ley exige que se usen los cinturones de seguridad

    as required by lawcomo or según exige la ley

    * * *
    [rɪ'kwaɪr, rɪ'kwaɪə(r)]
    1)
    a) ( need) necesitar; ( call for) \<\<patience/dedication\>\> requerir*, exigir*
    b) ( demand)

    to require somebody/something to + INF — requerir* que alguien/algo (+ subj)

    to require that: the law requires that you wear a helmet la ley le obliga a llevar or exige que lleve casco; to require something OF somebody: all that is required of you is that you observe the rules todo lo que se te exige es que cumplas con el reglamento; I shall do all that is required of me — haré todo lo que me corresponda

    2) required past p
    a) <dose/amount> necesario
    b) ( compulsory) <reading/viewing> obligado

    English-spanish dictionary > require

  • 9 require

    transitive verb
    1) (need, wish to have) brauchen; benötigen; erfordern [Tun, Verhalten]

    a catalogue/guide is available if required — bei Bedarf ist ein Katalog erhältlich/auf Wunsch steht ein Führer zur Verfügung

    is there anything else you require? — brauchen/(want) wünschen Sie außerdem noch etwas?

    2) (order, demand) verlangen (of von)

    require somebody to do something, require of somebody that he does something — von jemandem verlangen, dass er etwas tut

    be required to do somethingetwas tun müssen od. sollen

    * * *
    1) (to need: Is there anything else you require?) brauchen
    2) (to ask, force or order to do something: You are required by law to send your children to school; I will do everything that is required of me.) verlangen
    - academic.ru/61692/requirement">requirement
    * * *
    re·quire
    [rɪˈkwaɪəʳ, AM -ɚ]
    vt
    to \require sth etw brauchen
    the house \requires painting das Haus müsste mal gestrichen werden fam
    this decision \requires much careful thought diese Entscheidung bedarf gründlicher Überlegung
    to be \required for sth für etw akk erforderlich sein
    what qualifications are \required for this position? welche Qualifikationen werden für diese Stelle verlangt?
    to \require sth [of sb] etw [von jdm] verlangen [o erfordern
    3. (officially order)
    to \require sth [of sb] [jdm] etw vorschreiben
    to \require sb to do sth von jdm verlangen, etw zu tun
    regulations \require all visitors to sign in at the porter's lodge nach den Bestimmungen muss sich jeder Besucher beim Portier eintragen
    the rules \require that... die Vorschriften besagen, dass...
    to \require [or be requiring] sth ( form) etw wünschen
    “will you be requiring anything else, sir?”, asked the waiter „wünschen Sie sonst noch etwas, mein Herr?“, fragte der Kellner
    * * *
    [rI'kwaɪə(r)]
    vt
    1) (= need) brauchen, benötigen; work, action erfordern; (= desire) wünschen, mögen

    I have all I require —

    the journey will require 3 hoursman braucht or benötigt 3 Stunden für die Reise

    it requires repairinges muss repariert werden

    that is not required —

    if requiredfalls notwendig or erforderlich

    when ( it is) required — auf Wunsch, wenn es gewünscht wird

    2) (= order) verlangen

    to require sb to do sth — von jdm verlangen, dass er etw tut

    as required by lawden gesetzlichen Bestimmungen gemäß or entsprechend

    * * *
    require [rıˈkwaıə(r)]
    A v/t
    1. erfordern (Sache):
    the project required a lot of time (work);
    be required erforderlich sein;
    if required erforderlichenfalls, wenn nötig
    2. ärztliche Behandlung etc brauchen, nötig haben, einer Sache bedürfen
    3. etwas verlangen, fordern ( beide:
    of sb von jemandem):
    a task which requires to be done eine Aufgabe, die erledigt werden muss
    4. (sb to do sth) (jemanden) auffordern(, etwas zu tun), (von jemandem) verlangen(, dass er etwas tut):
    required element (Eiskunstlauf) gefordertes Element;
    required subject SCHULE US Pflichtfach n
    5. Br wünschen
    6. zwingen, nötigen
    B v/i es verlangen:
    do as the law requires sich an das Gesetz halten
    * * *
    transitive verb
    1) (need, wish to have) brauchen; benötigen; erfordern [Tun, Verhalten]

    a catalogue/guide is available if required — bei Bedarf ist ein Katalog erhältlich/auf Wunsch steht ein Führer zur Verfügung

    is there anything else you require? — brauchen/ (want) wünschen Sie außerdem noch etwas?

    2) (order, demand) verlangen (of von)

    require somebody to do something, require of somebody that he does something — von jemandem verlangen, dass er etwas tut

    * * *
    v.
    bedürfen v.
    benötigen v.
    erfordern v.
    fordern v.
    verlangen v.
    voraussetzen v.

    English-german dictionary > require

  • 10 требовать

    несов. - тре́бовать, сов. - потре́бовать
    1) (рд. от; настойчиво просить) demand (d of, from)

    тре́бовать объясне́ния у кого́-л — demand an explanation of / from smb, insist on an explanation from smb

    тре́буйте распи́ски в получе́нии — demand a receipt

    2) (рд.; создавать потребность в чём-л) need (d), require (d), call (for)

    э́то тре́бует специа́льных зна́ний — it requires [demands; calls for] special knowledge

    больно́й тре́бует поко́я — the patient needs / requires rest

    э́то тре́бует мно́го вре́мени — it takes a long time

    рабо́та тре́бует терпе́ния — the work requires / takes patience

    3) (вн.; вызывать куда-л) summon (d); call (d)

    тре́бовать кого́-л к нача́льнику — call smb to the boss

    нача́льник тре́бует вас к себе́ — the boss wants to see you

    тре́бовать кого́-л в суд — summon smb to the court

    4) тк. несов. (рд. от; что́бы; предъявлять обязательное требование) require (d from; d + to inf; that); ( ожидать) expect (d from; d + to inf)

    зако́н тре́бует, что́бы води́тель пристёгивался ремнём безопа́сности — the law requires [it is legally required; it is the law] that the driver (should) be fastened with the seat belt

    я тре́бую от вас по́лного повинове́ния — I require absolute obedience from you

    тре́бовать то́чности от рабо́тников — expect / demand accuracy of / from the staff

    5) (рд.; побуждать к чему-л) require (d), call (for)

    ситуа́ция тре́бует неме́дленных де́йствий — the situation requires [calls for] immediate action

    6) (рд.; вызывать желание чего-л) call (for), create an urge (for)

    э́того от меня́ приро́да тре́бует — it's the call of my nature; I feel the urge for it

    э́того душа́ тре́бует — my heart longs for this

    Новый большой русско-английский словарь > требовать

  • 11 נימוס II

    נִימוֹסII m. (νόμος) usage, law; religion (v. נוֹמוֹס). Meg.12b מוכתר בנִימוֹסוֹ, v. כָּתַר. Gitt.65b עשו לה כנ׳ deal with her according to law. Ex. R. s. 15 בנ׳ המלכות in accordance with the royal usage of warfare; (Tanḥ. Bo 4, a. e. כטַקְסִין). Gitt.43b כיון שעשה … נִימוֹסוֹ Ar. (ed. נמוסו) as soon as the gentile did to him (the hypothecated slave) what the law requires (to take possession, v. נַשְׁקִי); Tosef.Ab. Zar. III (IV), 16 נימוסות (corr. acc.). Gitt. l. c. (read:) אע״פ שעשה לה נִימוֹסָהּ although he (the Jew) did what the law requires in regard to the field; a. fr.Pl. נִימוֹסִין, נִימוֹסוֹת. Num. R. s. 18 בדרכי הגוים יש נ׳וכ׳ it is the way of the nations to have many religious observances (for various deities) and many priests. Gen. R. s. 16 בשלשה … בנ׳ (Ar. בנַוְוסִין) in three things is Greece in advance of Rome: in codes, v. פִּנִּיקְטִין. Ib. s. 67. Num. R. s. 8 בנ׳ שלנו in our (Roman) law; a. e.(Ex. R. s. 15 הוציא חנמוסין read: הטוֹמוֹסִין, v. טוֹמוֹס.

    Jewish literature > נימוס II

  • 12 נִימוֹס

    נִימוֹסII m. (νόμος) usage, law; religion (v. נוֹמוֹס). Meg.12b מוכתר בנִימוֹסוֹ, v. כָּתַר. Gitt.65b עשו לה כנ׳ deal with her according to law. Ex. R. s. 15 בנ׳ המלכות in accordance with the royal usage of warfare; (Tanḥ. Bo 4, a. e. כטַקְסִין). Gitt.43b כיון שעשה … נִימוֹסוֹ Ar. (ed. נמוסו) as soon as the gentile did to him (the hypothecated slave) what the law requires (to take possession, v. נַשְׁקִי); Tosef.Ab. Zar. III (IV), 16 נימוסות (corr. acc.). Gitt. l. c. (read:) אע״פ שעשה לה נִימוֹסָהּ although he (the Jew) did what the law requires in regard to the field; a. fr.Pl. נִימוֹסִין, נִימוֹסוֹת. Num. R. s. 18 בדרכי הגוים יש נ׳וכ׳ it is the way of the nations to have many religious observances (for various deities) and many priests. Gen. R. s. 16 בשלשה … בנ׳ (Ar. בנַוְוסִין) in three things is Greece in advance of Rome: in codes, v. פִּנִּיקְטִין. Ib. s. 67. Num. R. s. 8 בנ׳ שלנו in our (Roman) law; a. e.(Ex. R. s. 15 הוציא חנמוסין read: הטוֹמוֹסִין, v. טוֹמוֹס.

    Jewish literature > נִימוֹס

  • 13 חמר I

    חָמַרI (cmp. חָבַר) 1) to join; to pile up, to load. Ukts. II, 5 והבצלים שחֲמָרָן and the onions which one has piled up; v. אָמַן.Zeb.53a וחוֹמֵר בגודלווכ׳ and loads (i. e. supports the index finger) with his thumb on top and the little finger below (like a balanced load, v. חֶבֶר a. אֵבֶר); (Var. סוֹמֵךְ, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 3); Yalk. Lev. 469. 2) (denom. of חָמוּר) to be weighty, stringent. Ohol. XIV, 3 אל יֶחְמוֹר זהוכ׳ this must not be made more stringent than ; (ed. Dehr. יַחְמִיר. Hif. הֶחְמִיר ( to put a load on, to pass a restrictive law, to incline to the stricter opinion, opp. היקל to make easy. Yeb.88a מתיך חומר שהֶחְמַרְתָּ עליהוכ׳ on account of the restrictions under which the law puts her in the end (if she marries again and her first husband appears), it is made easy for her in the beginning (by allowing her to marry again), i. e. her heavy responsibility will make her cautious; Y.Gitt.I, beg.43a (add: מתוך). Nidd.66a, a. fr. הֶחְמִירוּ על עצמן they placed themselves under greater restrictions (than the law requires). Ned.I, 1 להחְמִיר, v. חָכַךְ II. Eduy. III, 10, a. e. מַחְמִיר כדבריוכ׳ he adopts the stricter opinion of ; a. v. fr. (Pi. חִמֵּר, v. חַמָּר II.

    Jewish literature > חמר I

  • 14 חָמַר

    חָמַרI (cmp. חָבַר) 1) to join; to pile up, to load. Ukts. II, 5 והבצלים שחֲמָרָן and the onions which one has piled up; v. אָמַן.Zeb.53a וחוֹמֵר בגודלווכ׳ and loads (i. e. supports the index finger) with his thumb on top and the little finger below (like a balanced load, v. חֶבֶר a. אֵבֶר); (Var. סוֹמֵךְ, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 3); Yalk. Lev. 469. 2) (denom. of חָמוּר) to be weighty, stringent. Ohol. XIV, 3 אל יֶחְמוֹר זהוכ׳ this must not be made more stringent than ; (ed. Dehr. יַחְמִיר. Hif. הֶחְמִיר ( to put a load on, to pass a restrictive law, to incline to the stricter opinion, opp. היקל to make easy. Yeb.88a מתיך חומר שהֶחְמַרְתָּ עליהוכ׳ on account of the restrictions under which the law puts her in the end (if she marries again and her first husband appears), it is made easy for her in the beginning (by allowing her to marry again), i. e. her heavy responsibility will make her cautious; Y.Gitt.I, beg.43a (add: מתוך). Nidd.66a, a. fr. הֶחְמִירוּ על עצמן they placed themselves under greater restrictions (than the law requires). Ned.I, 1 להחְמִיר, v. חָכַךְ II. Eduy. III, 10, a. e. מַחְמִיר כדבריוכ׳ he adopts the stricter opinion of ; a. v. fr. (Pi. חִמֵּר, v. חַמָּר II.

    Jewish literature > חָמַר

  • 15 require

    require [rɪ'kwaɪə(r)]
    (a) (need → attention, care etc) exiger, nécessiter, demander; (→ of person) avoir besoin de;
    extreme caution is required une extrême vigilance s'impose;
    is that all you require? c'est tout ce qu'il vous faut?, c'est tout ce dont vous avez besoin?;
    if required si besoin est, s'il le faut;
    when required quand il le faut;
    your presence is urgently required on vous réclame d'urgence
    (b) (demand → qualifications, standard, commitment) exiger, requérir, réclamer;
    to require sth of sb exiger qch de qn;
    to require sb to do sth exiger que qn fasse qch;
    candidates are required to provide three photographs les candidats doivent fournir trois photographies;
    the law requires you to wear seatbelts la loi exige que vous portiez une ceinture de sécurité;
    custom/tradition requires it c'est l'usage/la tradition (qui veut cela);
    this job requires skill and experience ce travail demande ou requiert ou réclame compétence et expérience;
    what do you require of me? que voulez-vous ou qu'attendez-vous de moi?;
    it is required that you begin work at 8 a.m. every morning on exige de vous que vous commenciez votre travail à 8 heures tous les matins;
    formal dress required (on invitation) tenue correcte exigée

    Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > require

  • 16

    ὁ, ἡ, τό pl. οἱ, αἱ, τά article, derived fr. a demonstrative pronoun, ‘the’. Since the treatment of the inclusion and omission of the art. belongs to the field of grammar, the lexicon can limit itself to exhibiting the main features of its usage. It is difficult to set hard and fast rules for the employment of the art., since the writer’s style had special freedom of play here—Kühner-G. I p. 589ff; B-D-F §249–76; Mlt. 80–84; Rob. 754–96; W-S. §17ff; Rdm.2 112–18; Abel §28–32; HKallenberg, RhM 69, 1914, 642ff; FVölker, Syntax d. griech. Papyri I, Der Artikel, Progr. d. Realgymn. Münster 1903; FEakin, AJP 37, 1916, 333ff; CMiller, ibid. 341ff; EColwell, JBL 52, ’33, 12–21 (for a critique s. Mlt-H.-Turner III 183f); ASvensson, D. Gebr. des bestimmten Art. in d. nachklass. Epik ’37; RFink, The Syntax of the Greek Article ’53; JRoberts, Exegetical Helps, The Greek Noun with and without the Article: Restoration Qtly 14, ’71, 28–44; HTeeple, The Greek Article with Personal Names in the Synoptic Gospels: NTS 19, ’73, 302–17; Mussies 186–97.
    this one, that one, the art. funct. as demonstrative pronoun
    in accordance w. epic usage (Hes., Works 450: ἡ=this [voice]) in the quot. fr. Arat., Phaenom. 5 τοῦ γὰρ καὶ γένος ἐσμέν for we are also his (lit. this One’s) offspring Ac 17:28.
    ὁ μὲν … ὁ δέ the one … the other (Polyaenus 6, 2, 1 ὁ μὲν … ὁ δὲ … ὁ δε; PSI 512, 21 [253 B.C.]); pl. οἱ μὲν … οἱ δέ (PSI 341, 9 [256 B.C.]; TestJob 29:1) some … others w. ref. to a noun preceding: ἐσχίσθη τὸ πλῆθος … οἱ μὲν ἦσαν σὺν τοῖς Ἰουδαίοις, οἱ δὲ σὺν τοῖς ἀποστόλοις Ac 14:4; 17:32; 28:24; 1 Cor 7:7; Gal 4:23; Phil 1:16f. Also without such a relationship expressed τοὺς μὲν ἀποστόλους, τοὺς δὲ προφήτας, τοὺς δὲ εὐαγγελιστάς Eph 4:11. οἱ μὲν … ὁ δέ Hb 7:5f, 20f. οἱ μὲν … ἄλλοι (δέ) J 7:12. οἱ μὲν … ἄλλοι δὲ … ἕτεροι δέ Mt 16:14. τινὲς … οἱ δέ Ac 17:18 (cp. Pla., Leg. 1, 627a; 2, 658 B.; Aelian, VH 2, 34; Palaeph. 6, 5).—Mt 26:67; 28:17 οἱ δέ introduces a second class; just before this, instead of the first class, the whole group is mentioned (cp. X., Hell. 1, 2, 14, Cyr. 3, 2, 12; KMcKay, JSNT 24, ’85, 71f)= but some (as Arrian, Anab. 5, 2, 7; 5, 14, 4; Lucian, Tim. 4 p. 107; Hesych. Miles. [VI A.D.]: 390 Fgm. 1, 35 end Jac.).
    To indicate the progress of the narrative, ὁ δέ, οἱ δέ but he, but they (lit. this one, they) is also used without ὁ μέν preceding (likew. Il. 1, 43; Pla., X.; also Clearchus, Fgm. 76b τὸν δὲ εἰπεῖν=but this man said; pap examples in Mayser II/1, 1926, 57f) e.g. Mt 2:9, 14; 4:4; 9:31; Mk 14:31 (cp. Just., A II, 2, 3). ὁ μὲν οὖν Ac 23:18; 28:5. οἱ μὲν οὖν 1:6; 5:41; 15:3, 30.—JO’Rourke, Paul’s Use of the Art. as a Pronoun, CBQ 34, ’72, 59–65.
    the, funct. to define or limit an entity, event, or state
    w. nouns
    α. w. appellatives, or common nouns, where, as in Pla., Thu., Demosth. et al., the art. has double significance, specific or individualizing, and generic.
    א. In its individualizing use it focuses attention on a single thing or single concept, as already known or otherwise more definitely limited: things and pers. that are unique in kind: ὁ ἥλιος, ἡ σελήνη, ὁ οὐρανός, ἡ γῆ, ἡ θάλασσα, ὁ κόσμος, ἡ κτίσις, ὁ θεός (BWeiss [s. on θεός, beg.]), ὁ διάβολος, ὁ λόγος (J 1:1, 14), τὸ φῶς, ἡ σκοτία, ἡ ζωή, ὁ θάνατος etc. (but somet. the art. is omitted, esp. when nouns are used w. preps.; B-D-F §253, 1–4; Rob. 791f; Mlt-Turner 171). ἐν συναγωγῇ καὶ ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ J 18:20.—Virtues, vices, etc. (contrary to Engl. usage): ἡ ἀγάπη, ἡ ἀλήθεια, ἡ ἁμαρτία, ἡ δικαιοσύνη, ἡ σοφία et al.—The individualizing art. stands before a common noun that was previously mentioned (without the art.): τοὺς πέντε ἄρτους Lk 9:16 (after πέντε ἄρτοι vs. 13). τὸ βιβλίον 4:17b (after βιβλίον, vs. 17a), τοὺς μάγους Mt 2:7 (after μάγοι, vs. 1). J 4:43 (40); 12:6 (5); 20:1 (19:41); Ac 9:17 (11); Js 2:3 (2); Rv 15:6 (1).—The individ. art. also stands before a common noun which, in a given situation, is given special attention as the only or obvious one of its kind (Hipponax [VI B.C.] 13, 2 West=D.3 16 ὁ παῖς the [attending] slave; Diod S 18, 29, 2 ὁ ἀδελφός=his brother; Artem. 4, 71 p. 245, 19 ἡ γυνή=your wife; ApcEsdr 6:12 p. 31, 17 μετὰ Μωσῆ … ἐν τῷ ὄρει [Sinai]; Demetr. (?): 722 fgm 7 Jac. [in Eus., PE 9, 19, 4] ἐπὶ τὸ ὄρος [Moriah]) τῷ ὑπηρέτῃ to the attendant (who took care of the synagogue) Lk 4:20. εἰς τὸν νιπτῆρα into the basin (that was there for the purpose) J 13:5. ἰδοὺ ὁ ἄνθρωπο here is this (wretched) man 19:5. ἐκ τῆς παιδίσκης or ἐλευθέρας by the (well-known) slave woman or the free woman (Hagar and Sarah) Gal 4:22f. τὸν σῖτον Ac 27:38. ἐν τῇ ἐπιστολῇ 1 Cor 5:9 (s. ἐπιστολή) τὸ ὄρος the mountain (nearby) Mt 5:1; 8:1; 14:23; Mk 3:13; 6:46; Lk 6:12; 9:28 al.; ἡ πεισμονή this (kind of) persuasion Gal 5:8. ἡ μαρτυρία the (required) witness or testimony J 5:36.—The art. takes on the idea of κατʼ ἐξοχήν ‘par excellence’ (Porphyr., Abst. 24, 7 ὁ Αἰγύπτιος) ὁ ἐρχόμενος the one who is (was) to come or the coming one par excellence=The Messiah Mt 11:3; Lk 7:19. ὁ προφήτης J 1:21, 25; 7:40. ὁ διδάσκαλος τ. Ἰσραήλ 3:10 (Ps.-Clem., Hom. 5, 18 of Socrates: ὁ τῆς Ἑλλάδος διδάσκαλος); cp. MPol 12:2. With things (Stephan. Byz. s.v. Μάρπησσα: οἱ λίθοι=the famous stones [of the Parian Marble]) ἡ κρίσις the (last) judgment Mt 12:41. ἡ ἡμέρα the day of decision 1 Cor 3:13; (cp. Mi 4:6 Mt); Hb 10:25. ἡ σωτηρία (our) salvation at the consummation of the age Ro 13:11.
    ב. In its generic use it singles out an individual who is typical of a class, rather than the class itself: ὁ ἀγαθὸς ἄνθρωπος Mt 12:35. κοινοῖ τὸν ἄνθρωπον 15:11. ὥσπερ ὁ ἐθνικός 18:17. ὁ ἐργάτης Lk 10:7. ἐγίνωσκεν τί ἦν ἐν τῷ ἀνθρώπῳ J 2:25. τὰ σημεῖα τοῦ ἀποστόλου 2 Cor 12:12. ὁ κληρονόμος Gal 4:1. So also in parables and allegories: ὁ οἰκοδεσπότης Mt 24:43. Cp. J 10:11b, 12. The generic art. in Gk. is often rendered in Engl. by the indef. art. or omitted entirely.
    β. The use of the art. w. personal names is varied; as a general rule the presence of the art. w. a personal name indicates that the pers. is known; without the art. focus is on the name as such (s. Dssm., BPhW 22, 1902, 1467f; BWeiss, D. Gebr. des Art. b. d. Eigennamen [im NT]: StKr 86, 1913, 349–89). Nevertheless, there is an unmistakable drift in the direction of Mod. Gk. usage, in which every proper name has the art. (B-D-F §260; Rob. 759–61; Mlt-Turner 165f). The ms. tradition varies considerably. In the gospels the art. is usu. found w. Ἰησοῦς; yet it is commonly absent when Ἰ. is accompanied by an appositive that has the art. Ἰ. ὁ Γαλιλαῖος Mt 26:69; Ἰ. ὁ Ναζωραῖος vs. 71; Ἰ. ὁ λεγόμενος Χριστός 27:17, 22. Sim. Μαριὰμ ἡ μήτηρ τοῦ Ἰ. Ac 1:14. The art. somet. stands before oblique cases of indecl. proper names, apparently to indicate their case (B-D-F §260, 2; Rob. 760). But here, too, there is no hard and fast rule.—HTeeple, NTS 19, ’73, 302–17 (synopt.).
    γ. The art. is customarily found w. the names of countries (B-D-F §261, 4; W-S. § 18, 5 d; Rob. 759f); less freq. w. names of cities (B-D-F §261, 1; 2; Rob. 760; Mlt-Turner 170–72). W. Ἰερουσαλήμ, Ἱεροσόλυμα it is usu. absent (s. Ἱεροσόλυμα); it is only when this name has modifiers that it must have the art. ἡ νῦν Ἰ. Gal 4:25; ἡ ἄνω Ἰ. vs. 26; ἡ καινὴ Ἰ. Rv 3:12. But even in this case it lacks the art. when the modifier follows: Hb 12:22.—Names of rivers have the art. ὁ Ἰορδάνης, ὁ Εὐφράτης, ὁ Τίβερις Hv 1, 1, 2 (B-D-F §261, 8; Rob. 760; Mlt-Turner 172). Likew. names of seas ὁ Ἀδρίας Ac 27:27.
    δ. The art. comes before nouns that are accompanied by the gen. of a pronoun (μοῦ, σοῦ, ἡμῶν, ὑμῶν, αὐτοῦ, ἑαυτοῦ, αὐτῶν) Mt 1:21, 25; 5:45; 6:10–12; 12:49; Mk 9:17; Lk 6:27; 10:7; 16:6; Ro 4:19; 6:6 and very oft. (only rarely is it absent: Mt 19:28; Lk 1:72; 2:32; 2 Cor 8:23; Js 5:20 al.).
    ε. When accompanied by the possessive pronouns ἐμός, σός, ἡμέτερος, ὑμέτερος the noun always has the art., and the pron. stands mostly betw. art. and noun: Mt 18:20; Mk 8:38; Lk 9:26; Ac 26:5; Ro 3:7 and oft. But only rarely so in John: J 4:42; 5:47; 7:16. He prefers to repeat the article w. the possessive following the noun ἡ κρίσις ἡ ἐμή J 5:30; cp. 7:6; 17:17; 1J 1:3 al.
    ζ. Adjectives (or participles), when they modify nouns that have the art., also come either betw. the art. and noun: ἡ ἀγαθὴ μερίς Lk 10:42; τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα 12:10; Ac 1:8; ἡ δικαία κρίσις J 7:24 and oft., or after the noun w. the art. repeated τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον Mk 3:29; J 14:26; Ac 1:16; Hb 3:7; 9:8; 10:15. ἡ ζωὴ ἡ αἰώνιος 1J 1:2; 2:25. τὴν πύλην τὴν σιδηρᾶν Ac 12:10. Only rarely does an adj. without the art. stand before a noun that has an art. (s. B-D-F §270, 1; Rob. 777; Mlt-Turner 185f): ἀκατακαλύπτῳ τῇ κεφαλῇ 1 Cor 11:5. εἶπεν μεγάλῃ τῇ φωνῇ Ac 14:10 v.l.; cp. 26:24. κοιναῖς ταῖς χερσίν Mk 7:5 D.—Double modifier τὸ πῦρ τὸ αἰώνιον τὸ ἡτοιμασμένον τῷ διαβόλῳ Mt 25:41. τὸ θυσιαστήριον τὸ χρυσοῦν τὸ ἐνώπιον τοῦ θρόνου Rv 8:3; 9:13. ἡ πόρνη ἡ μεγάλη ἡ καθημένη 17:1.—Mk 5:36 τὸν λόγον λαλούμενον is prob. a wrong rdg. (B has τὸν λαλ., D τοῦτον τὸν λ. without λαλούμενον).—On the art. w. ὅλος, πᾶς, πολύς s. the words in question.
    η. As in the case of the poss. pron. (ε) and adj. (ζ), so it is w. other expressions that can modify a noun: ἡ κατʼ ἐκλογὴν πρόθεσις Ro 9:11. ἡ παρʼ ἐμοῦ διαθήκη 11:27. ὁ λόγος ὁ τοῦ σταυροῦ 1 Cor 1:18. ἡ ἐντολὴ ἡ εἰς ζωήν Ro 7:10. ἡ πίστις ὑμῶν ἡ πρὸς τὸν θεόν 1 Th 1:8. ἡ διακονία ἡ εἰς τοὺς ἁγίους 2 Cor 8:4.
    θ. The art. precedes the noun when a demonstrative pron. (ὅδε, οὗτος, ἐκεῖνος) belonging with it comes before or after; e.g.: οὗτος ὁ ἄνθρωπος Lk 14:30; J 9:24. οὗτος ὁ λαός Mk 7:6. οὗτος ὁ υἱός μου Lk 15:24. οὗτος ὁ τελώνης 18:11 and oft. ὁ ἄνθρωπος οὗτος Mk 14:71; Lk 2:25; 23:4, 14, 47. ὁ λαὸς οὗτος Mt 15:8. ὁ υἱός σου οὗτος Lk 15:30 and oft.—ἐκείνη ἡ ἡμέρα Mt 7:22; 22:46. ἐκ. ἡ ὥρα 10:19; 18:1; 26:55. ἐκ. ὁ καιρός 11:25; 12:1; 14:1. ἐκ. ὁ πλάνος 27:63 and oft. ἡ οἰκία ἐκείνη Mt 7:25, 27. ἡ ὥρα ἐκ. 8:13; 9:22; ἡ γῆ ἐκ. 9:26, 31; ἡ ἡμέρα ἐκ. 13:1. ὁ ἀγρὸς ἐκ. vs. 44 and oft.—ὁ αὐτός s. αὐτός 3b.
    ι. An art. before a nom. noun makes it a vocative (as early as Hom.; s. KBrugman4-AThumb, Griech. Gramm. 1913, 431; Schwyzer II 63f; B-D-F §147; Rob. 769. On the LXX Johannessohn, Kasus 14f.—ParJer 1:1 Ἰερεμία ὁ ἐκλεκτός μου; 7:2 χαῖρε Βαρούχι ὁ οἰκονόμος τῆς πίστεως) ναί, ὁ πατήρ Mt 11:26. τὸ κοράσιον, ἔγειρε Mk 5:41. Cp. Mt 7:23; 27:29 v.l.; Lk 8:54; 11:39; 18:11, 13 (Goodsp, Probs. 85–87); J 19:3 and oft.
    Adjectives become substantives by the addition of the art.
    α. ὁ πονηρός Eph 6:16. οἱ σοφοί 1 Cor 1:27. οἱ ἅγιοι, οἱ πλούσιοι, οἱ πολλοί al. Likew. the neut. τὸ κρυπτόν Mt 6:4. τὸ ἅγιον 7:6. τὸ μέσον Mk 3:3. τὸ θνητόν 2 Cor 5:4. τὰ ἀδύνατα Lk 18:27. τὸ ἔλαττον Hb 7:7. Also w. gen. foll. τὰ ἀγαθά σου Lk 16:25. τὸ μωρόν, τὸ ἀσθενὲς τοῦ θεοῦ 1 Cor 1:25; cp. vs. 27f. τὸ γνωστὸν τοῦ θεοῦ Ro 1:19. τὰ ἀόρατα τοῦ θεοῦ vs. 20. τὸ ἀδύνατον τοῦ νόμου 8:3. τὰ κρυπτὰ τῆς αἰσχύνης 2 Cor 4:2.
    β. Adj. attributes whose noun is customarily omitted come to have substantive force and therefore receive the art. (B-D-F §241; Rob. 652–54) ἡ περίχωρος Mt 3:5; ἡ ξηρά 23:15 (i.e. γῆ). ἡ ἀριστερά, ἡ δεξιά (sc. χείρ) 6:3. ἡ ἐπιοῦσα (sc. ἡμέρα) Ac 16:11. ἡ ἔρημος (sc. χώρα) Mt 11:7.
    γ. The neut. of the adj. w. the art. can take on the mng. of an abstract noun (Thu. 1, 36, 1 τὸ δεδιός=fear; Herodian 1, 6, 9; 1, 11, 5 τὸ σεμνὸν τῆς παρθένου; M. Ant. 1, 1; Just., D. 27, 2 διὰ τὸ σκληροκάρδιον ὑμῶν καὶ ἀχάριστον εἰς αὐτόν) τὸ χρηστὸν τοῦ θεοῦ God’s kindness Ro 2:4. τὸ δυνατόν power 9:22. τὸ σύμφορον benefit 1 Cor 7:35. τὸ γνήσιον genuineness 2 Cor 8:8. τὸ ἐπιεικές Phil 4:5 al.
    δ. The art. w. numerals indicates, as in Il. 5, 271f; X. et al. (HKallenberg, RhM 69, 1914, 662ff), that a part of a number already known is being mentioned (Diod S 18, 10, 2 τρεῖς μὲν φυλὰς … τὰς δὲ ἑπτά=‘but the seven others’; Plut., Cleom. 804 [8, 4] οἱ τέσσαρες=‘the other four’; Polyaenus 6, 5 οἱ τρεῖς=‘the remaining three’; Diog. L. 1, 82 Βίας προκεκριμένος τῶν ἑπτά=Bias was preferred before the others of the seven [wise men]. B-D-F §265): οἱ ἐννέα the other nine Lk 17:17. Cp. 15:4; Mt 18:12f. οἱ δέκα the other ten (disciples) 20:24; Mk 10:41; lepers Lk 17:17. οἱ πέντε … ὁ εἷς … ὁ ἄλλος five of them … one … the last one Rv 17:10.
    The ptc. w. the art. receives
    α. the mng. of a subst. ὁ πειράζων the tempter Mt 4:3; 1 Th 3:5. ὁ βαπτίζων Mk 6:14. ὁ σπείρων Mt 13:3; Lk 8:5. ὁ ὀλεθρεύων Hb 11:28. τὸ ὀφειλόμενον Mt 18:30, 34. τὸ αὐλούμενον 1 Cor 14:7. τὸ λαλούμενον vs. 9 (Just., D. 32, 3 τὸ ζητούμενον). τὰ γινόμενα Lk 9:7. τὰ ἐρχόμενα J 16:13. τὰ ἐξουθενημένα 1 Cor 1:28. τὰ ὑπάρχοντα (s. ὑπάρχω 1). In Engl. usage many of these neuters are transl. by a relative clause, as in β below. B-D-F §413; Rob. 1108f.
    β. the mng. of a relative clause (Ar. 4, 2 al. οἱ νομίζοντες) ὁ δεχόμενος ὑμᾶς whoever receives you Mt 10:40. τῷ τύπτοντί σε Lk 6:29. ὁ ἐμὲ μισῶν J 15:23. οὐδὲ γὰρ ὄνομά ἐστιν ἕτερον τὸ δεδομένον (ὸ̔ δέδοται) Ac 4:12. τινές εἰσιν οἱ ταράσσοντες ὑμᾶς Gal 1:7. Cp. Lk 7:32; 18:9; J 12:12; Col 2:8; 1 Pt 1:7; 2J 7; Jd 4 al. So esp. after πᾶς: πᾶς ὁ ὀργιζόμενος everyone who becomes angry Mt 5:22. πᾶς ὁ κρίνων Ro 2:1 al. After μακάριος Mt 5:4, 6, 10. After οὐαὶ ὑμῖν Lk 6:25.
    The inf. w. neut. art. (B-D-F §398ff; Rob. 1062–68) is used in a number of ways.
    α. It stands for a noun (B-D-F §399; Rob. 1062–66) τὸ (ἀνίπτοις χερσὶν) φαγεῖν Mt 15:20. τὸ (ἐκ νεκρῶν) ἀναστῆναι Mk 9:10. τὸ ἀγαπᾶν 12:33; cp. Ro 13:8. τὸ ποιῆσαι, τὸ ἐπιτελέσαι 2 Cor 8:11. τὸ καθίσαι Mt 20:23. τὸ θέλειν Ro 7:18; 2 Cor 8:10.—Freq. used w. preps. ἀντὶ τοῦ, διὰ τό, διὰ τοῦ, ἐκ τοῦ, ἐν τῷ, ἕνεκεν τοῦ, ἕως τοῦ, μετὰ τό, πρὸ τοῦ, πρὸς τό etc.; s. the preps. in question (B-D-F §402–4; Rob. 1068–75).
    β. The gen. of the inf. w. the art., without a prep., is esp. frequent (B-D-F §400; Mlt. 216–18; Rob. 1066–68; DEvans, ClQ 15, 1921, 26ff). The use of this inf. is esp. common in Lk and Paul, less freq. in Mt and Mk, quite rare in other writers. The gen. stands
    א. dependent on words that govern the gen.: ἄξιον 1 Cor 16:4 (s. ἄξιος 1c). ἐξαπορηθῆναι τοῦ ζῆν 2 Cor 1:8. ἔλαχε τοῦ θυμιᾶσαι Lk 1:9 (cp. 1 Km 14:47 v.l. Σαοὺλ ἔλαχεν τοῦ βασιλεύειν).
    ב. dependent on a noun (B-D-F §400, 1; Rob. 1066f) ὁ χρόνος τοῦ τεκεῖν Lk 1:57. ἐπλήσθησαν αἱ ἡμέραι τοῦ τεκεῖν αὐτήν 2:6. ἐξουσία τοῦ πατεῖν 10:19. εὐκαιρία τοῦ παραδοῦναι 22:6. ἐλπὶς τοῦ σῴζεσθαι Ac 27:20; τοῦ μετέχειν 1 Cor 9:10. ἐπιποθία τοῦ ἐλθεῖν Ro 15:23. χρείαν ἔχειν τοῦ διδάσκειν Hb 5:12. καιρὸς τοῦ ἄρξασθαι 1 Pt 4:17. τ. ἐνέργειαν τοῦ δύνασθαι the power that enables him Phil 3:21. ἡ προθυμία τοῦ θέλειν zeal in desiring 2 Cor 8:11.
    ג. Somet. the connection w. the noun is very loose, and the transition to the consecutive sense (=result) is unmistakable (B-D-F §400, 2; Rob. 1066f): ἐπλήσθησαν ἡμέραι ὀκτὼ τοῦ περιτεμεῖν αὐτόν Lk 2:21. ὀφειλέται … τοῦ κατὰ σάρκα ζῆν Ro 8:12. εἰς ἀκαθαρσίαν τοῦ ἀτιμάζεσθαι 1:24. ὀφθαλμοὺς τοῦ μὴ βλέπειν 11:8. τὴν ἔκβασιν τοῦ δύνασθαι ὑπενεγκεῖν 1 Cor 10:13.
    ד. Verbs of hindering, ceasing take the inf. w. τοῦ μή (s. Schwyzer II 372 for earlier Gk; PGen 16, 23 [207 A.D.] κωλύοντες τοῦ μὴ σπείρειν; LXX; ParJer 2:5 φύλαξαι τοῦ μὴ σχίσαι τὰ ἱμάτιά σου): καταπαύειν Ac 14:18. κατέχειν Lk 4:42. κρατεῖσθαι 24:16. κωλύειν Ac 10:47. παύειν 1 Pt 3:10 (Ps 33:14). ὑποστέλλεσθαι Ac 20:20, 27. Without μή: ἐγκόπτεσθαι τοῦ ἐλθεῖν Ro 15:22.
    ה. The gen. of the inf. comes after verbs of deciding, exhorting, commanding, etc. (1 Ch 19:19; ParJer 7:37 διδάσκων αὐτοὺ τοῦ ἀπέχεσθαι) ἐγένετο γνώμης Ac 20:3. ἐντέλλεσθαι Lk 4:10 (Ps 90:11). ἐπιστέλλειν Ac 15:20. κατανεύειν Lk 5:7. κρίνειν Ac 27:1. παρακαλεῖν 21:12. προσεύχεσθαι Js 5:17. τὸ πρόσωπον στηρίζειν Lk 9:51. συντίθεσθαι Ac 23:20.
    ו. The inf. w. τοῦ and τοῦ μή plainly has final (=purpose) sense (ParJer 5:2 ἐκάθισεν … τοῦ ἀναπαῆναι ὀλίγον; Soph., Lex. I 45f; B-D-F §400, 5 w. exx. fr. non-bibl. lit. and pap; Rob. 1067): ἐξῆλθεν ὁ σπείρων τοῦ σπείρειν a sower went out to sow Mt 13:3. ζητεῖν τοῦ ἀπολέσαι = ἵνα ἀπολέσῃ 2:13. τοῦ δοῦναι γνῶσιν Lk 1:77. τοῦ κατευθῦναι τοὺς πόδας vs. 79. τοῦ σινιάσαι 22:31. τοῦ μηκέτι δουλεύειν Ro 6:6. τοῦ ποιῆσαι αὐτά Gal 3:10. τοῦ γνῶναι αὐτόν Phil 3:10. Cp. Mt 3:13; 11:1; 24:45; Lk 2:24, 27; 8:5; 24:29; Ac 3:2; 20:30; 26:18; Hb 10:7 (Ps 39:9); 11:5; GJs 2:3f; 24:1.—The apparently solecistic τοῦ πολεμῆσαι Ro 12:7 bears a Semitic tinge, cp. Hos 9:13 et al. (Mussies 96).—The combination can also express
    ז. consecutive mng. (result): οὐδὲ μετεμελήθητε τοῦ πιστεῦσαι αὐτῷ you did not change your minds and believe him Mt 21:32. τοῦ μὴ εἶναι αὐτὴν μοιχαλίδα Ro 7:3. τοῦ ποιεῖν τὰ βρέφη ἔκθετα Ac 7:19. Cp. 3:12; 10:25.
    The art. is used w. prepositional expressions (Artem. 4, 33 p. 224, 7 ὁ ἐν Περγάμῳ; 4, 36 ὁ ἐν Μαγνησίᾳ; 4 [6] Esdr [POxy 1010 recto, 8–12] οἱ ἐν τοῖς πεδίοις … οἱ ἐν τοῖς ὄρεσι καὶ μετεώροις; Tat. 31, 2 οἱ μὲν περὶ Κράτητα … οἱ δὲ περὶ Ἐρατοσθένη) τῆς ἐκκλησίας τῆς ἐν Κεγχρεαῖς Ro 16:1. ταῖς ἐκκλησίαις ταῖς ἐν τῇ Ἀσίᾳ Rv 1:4. τῷ ἀγγέλῳ τῆς ἐν (w. place name) ἐκκλησίας 2:1, 8, 12, 18; 3:1, 7, 14 (on these pass. RBorger, TRu 52, ’87, 42–45). τοῖς ἐν τῇ οἰκίᾳ to those in the house Mt 5:15. πάτερ ἡμῶν ὁ ἐν τ. οὐρανοῖς 6:9. οἱ ἀπὸ τῆς Ἰταλίας Hb 13:24. οἱ ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ Ro 8:1. οἱ ἐξ ἐριθείας 2:8. οἱ ἐκ νόμου 4:14; cp. vs. 16. οἱ ἐκ τῆς Καίσαρος οἰκίας Phil 4:22. οἱ ἐξ εὐωνύμων Mt 25:41. τὸ θυσιαστήριον … τὸ ἐνώπιον τοῦ θρόνου Rv 8:3; cp. 9:13. On 1:4 s. ref in B-D-F §136, 1 to restoration by Nestle. οἱ παρʼ αὐτοῦ Mk 3:21. οἱ μετʼ αὐτοῦ Mt 12:3. οἱ περὶ αὐτόν Mk 4:10; Lk 22:49 al.—Neut. τὰ ἀπὸ τοῦ πλοίου pieces of wreckage fr. the ship Ac 27:44 (difft. FZorell, BZ 9, 1911, 159f). τὰ περί τινος Lk 24:19, 27; Ac 24:10; Phil 1:27 (Tat. 32, 2 τὰ περὶ θεοῦ). τὰ περί τινα 2:23. τὰ κατʼ ἐμέ my circumstances Eph 6:21; Phil 1:12; Col 4:7. τὰ κατὰ τὸν νόμον what (was to be done) according to the law Lk 2:39. τὸ ἐξ ὑμῶν Ro 12:18. τὰ πρὸς τὸν θεόν 15:17; Hb 2:17; 5:1 (X., Resp. Lac. 13, 11 ἱερεῖ τὰ πρὸς τοὺς θεούς, στρατηγῷ δὲ τὰ πρὸς τοὺς ἀνθρώπους). τὰ παρʼ αὐτῶν Lk 10:7. τὸ ἐν ἐμοί the (child) in me GJs 12:2 al.
    w. an adv. or adverbial expr. (1 Macc 8:3) τὸ ἔμπροσθεν Lk 19:4. τὸ ἔξωθεν Mt 23:25. τὸ πέραν Mt 8:18, 28. τὰ ἄνω J 8:23; Col 3:1f. τὰ κάτω J 8:23. τὰ ὀπίσω Mk 13:16. τὰ ὧδε matters here Col 4:9. ὁ πλησίον the neighbor Mt 5:43. οἱ καθεξῆς Ac 3:24. τὸ κατὰ σάρκα Ro 9:5. τὸ ἐκ μέρους 1 Cor 13:10.—Esp. w. indications of time τό, τὰ νῦν s. νῦν 2b. τὸ πάλιν 2 Cor 13:2. τὸ λοιπόν 1 Cor 7:29; Phil 3:1. τὸ πρῶτον J 10:40; 12:16; 19:39. τὸ πρότερον 6:62; Gal 4:13. τὸ καθʼ ἡμέραν daily Lk 11:3.—τὸ πλεῖστον at the most 1 Cor 14:27.
    The art. w. the gen. foll. denotes a relation of kinship, ownership, or dependence: Ἰάκωβος ὁ τοῦ Ζεβεδαίου Mt 10:2 (Thu. 4, 104 Θουκυδίδης ὁ Ὀλόρου [sc. υἱός]; Plut., Timol. 3, 2; Appian, Syr. 26 §123 Σέλευκος ὁ Ἀντιόχου; Jos., Bell. 5, 5; 11). Μαρία ἡ Ἰακώβου Lk 24:10. ἡ τοῦ Οὐρίου the wife of Uriah Mt 1:6. οἱ Χλόης Chloë’s people 1 Cor 1:11. οἱ Ἀριστοβούλου, οἱ Ναρκίσσου Ro 16:10f. οἱ αὐτοῦ Ac 16:33. οἱ τοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 Cor 15:23; Gal 5:24. Καισάρεια ἡ Φιλίππου Caesarea Philippi i.e. the city of Philip Mk 8:27.—τό, τά τινος someone’s things, affairs, circumstances (Thu. 4, 83 τὰ τοῦ Ἀρριβαίου; Parthenius 1, 6; Appian, Syr. 16 §67 τὰ Ῥωμαίων) τὰ τοῦ θεοῦ, τῶν ἀνθρώπων Mt 16:23; 22:21; Mk 8:33; cp. 1 Cor 2:11. τὰ τῆς σαρκός, τοῦ πνεύματος Ro 8:5; cp. 14:19; 1 Cor 7:33f; 13:11. τὰ ὑμῶν 2 Cor 12:14. τὰ τῆς ἀσθενείας μου 11:30. τὰ τοῦ νόμου what the law requires Ro 2:14. τὸ τῆς συκῆς what has been done to the fig tree Mt 21:21; cp. 8:33. τὰ ἑαυτῆς its own advantage 1 Cor 13:5; cp. Phil 2:4, 21. τὸ τῆς παροιμίας what the proverb says 2 Pt 2:22 (Pla., Theaet. 183e τὸ τοῦ Ὁμήρου; Menand., Dyscolus 633 τὸ τοῦ λόγου). ἐν τοῖς τοῦ πατρός μου in my Father’s house (so Field, Notes 50–56; Goodsp. Probs. 81–83; difft., ‘interests’, PTemple, CBQ 1, ’39, 342–52.—In contrast to the other synoptists, Luke does not elsewhere show Jesus ‘at home’.) Lk 2:49 (Lysias 12, 12 εἰς τὰ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ; Theocr. 2, 76 τὰ Λύκωνος; pap in Mayser II [1926] p. 8; POxy 523, 3 [II A.D.] an invitation to a dinner ἐν τοῖς Κλαυδίου Σαραπίωνος; PTebt 316 II, 23 [99 A.D.] ἐν τοῖς Ποτάμωνος; Esth 7:9; Job 18:19; Jos., Ant. 16, 302. Of the temple of a god Jos., C. Ap. 1, 118 ἐν τοῖς τοῦ Διός). Mt 20:15 is classified here by WHatch, ATR 26, ’44, 250–53; s. also ἐμός b.
    The neut. of the art. stands
    α. before whole sentences or clauses (Epict. 4, 1, 45 τὸ Καίσαρος μὴ εἶναι φίλον; Prov. Aesopi 100 P. τὸ Οὐκ οἶδα; Jos., Ant. 10, 205; Just., D. 33, 2 τὸ γὰρ … [Ps 109:4]) τὸ Οὐ φονεύσεις, οὐ μοιχεύσεις κτλ. (quot. fr. the Decalogue) Mt 19:18; Ro 13:9. τὸ Καὶ μετὰ ἀνόμων ἐλογίσθη (quot. fr. Is 53:12) Lk 22:37. Cp. Gal 5:14. τὸ Εἰ δύνῃ as far as your words ‘If you can’ are concerned Mk 9:23. Likew. before indirect questions (Vett. Val. 291, 14 τὸ πῶς τέτακται; Ael. Aristid. 45, 15 K. τὸ ὅστις ἐστίν; ParJer 6:15 τὸ πῶς ἀποστείλης; GrBar 8:6 τὸ πῶς ἐταπεινώθη; Jos., Ant. 20, 28 ἐπὶ πείρᾳ τοῦ τί φρονοῖεν; Pel.-Leg. p. 20, 32 τὸ τί γένηται; Mel., Fgm. 8, 2 [Goodsp. p. 311] τὸ δὲ πῶς λούονται) τὸ τί ἂν θέλοι καλεῖσθαι αὐτό Lk 1:62. τὸ τίς ἂν εἴη μείζων αὐτῶν 9:46. τὸ πῶς δεῖ ὑμᾶς περιπατεῖν 1 Th 4:1. Cp. Lk 19:48; 22:2, 4, 23f; Ac 4:21; 22:30; Ro 8:26; Hs 8, 1, 4.
    β. before single words which are taken fr. what precedes and hence are quoted, as it were (Epict. 1, 29, 16 τὸ Σωκράτης; 3, 23, 24; Hierocles 13 p. 448 ἐν τῷ μηδείς) τὸ ‘ἀνέβη’ Eph 4:9. τὸ ‘ἔτι ἅπαξ’ Hb 12:27. τὸ ‘Ἁγάρ’ Gal 4:25.
    Other notable uses of the art. are
    α. the elliptic use, which leaves a part of a sentence accompanied by the art. to be completed fr. the context: ὁ τὰ δύο the man with the two (talents), i.e. ὁ τὰ δύο τάλαντα λαβών Mt 25:17; cp. vs. 22. τῷ τὸν φόρον Ro 13:7. ὁ τὸ πολύ, ὀλίγον the man who had much, little 2 Cor 8:15 after Ex 16:18 (cp. Lucian, Bis Accus. 9 ὁ τὴν σύριγγα [sc. ἔχων]; Arrian, Anab. 7, 8, 3 τὴν ἐπὶ θανάτῳ [sc. ὁδόν]).
    β. Σαῦλος, ὁ καὶ Παῦλος Ac 13:9; s. καί 2h.
    γ. the fem. art. is found in a quite singular usage ἡ οὐαί (ἡ θλῖψις or ἡ πληγή) Rv 9:12; 11:14. Sim. ὁ Ἀμήν 3:14 (here the masc. art. is evidently chosen because of the alternate name for Jesus).
    One art. can refer to several nouns connected by καί
    α. when various words, sing. or pl., are brought close together by a common art.: τοὺς ἀρχιερεῖς καὶ γραμματεῖς Mt 2:4; cp. 16:21; Mk 15:1. ἐν τοῖς προφήταις κ. ψαλμοῖς Lk 24:44. τῇ Ἰουδαίᾳ καὶ Σαμαρείᾳ Ac 1:8; cp. 8:1; Lk 5:17 al.—Even nouns of different gender can be united in this way (Aristoph., Eccl. 750; Ps.-Pla., Axioch. 12 p. 37a οἱ δύο θεοί, of Apollo and Artemis; Ps.-Demetr., Eloc. c. 292; PTebt 14, 10 [114 B.C.]; En 18:14; EpArist 109) κατὰ τὰ ἐντάλματα καὶ διδασκαλίας Col 2:22. Cp. Lk 1:6. εἰς τὰς ὁδοὺς καὶ φραγμούς 14:23.
    β. when one and the same person has more than one attribute applied to him: πρὸς τὸν πατέρα μου καὶ πατέρα ὑμῶν J 20:17. ὁ θεὸς καὶ πατὴρ τοῦ κυρίου Ἰ. Ro 15:6; 2 Cor 1:3; 11:31; Eph 1:3; 1 Pt 1:3. ὁ θεὸς καὶ πατὴρ (ἡμῶν) Eph 5:20; Phil 4:20; 1 Th 1:3; 3:11, 13. Of Christ: τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν καὶ σωτῆρος 2 Pt 1:11; cp. 2:20; 3:18. τοῦ μεγάλου θεοῦ καὶ σωτῆρος ἡμῶν Tit 2:13 (PGrenf II, 15 I, 6 [139 B.C.] of the deified King Ptolemy τοῦ μεγάλου θεοῦ εὐεργέτου καὶ σωτῆρος [ἐπιφανοῦς] εὐχαρίστου).
    γ. On the other hand, the art. is repeated when two different persons are named: ὁ φυτεύων καὶ ὁ ποτίζων 1 Cor 3:8. ὁ βασιλεὺς καὶ ὁ ἡγεμών Ac 26:30.
    In a fixed expression, when a noun in the gen. is dependent on another noun, the art. customarily appears twice or not at all: τὸ πνεῦμα τοῦ θεοῦ 1 Cor 3:16; πνεῦμα θεοῦ Ro 8:9. ὁ λόγος τοῦ θεοῦ 2 Cor 2:17; λόγος θεοῦ 1 Th 2:13. ἡ ἡμέρα τοῦ κυρίου 2 Th 2:2; ἡμ. κ. 1 Th 5:2. ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου Mt 8:20; υἱ. ἀ. Hb 2:6. ἡ ἀνάστασις τῶν νεκρῶν Mt 22:31; ἀ. ν. Ac 23:6. ἡ κοιλία τῆς μητρός J 3:4; κ. μ. Mt 19:12.—APerry, JBL 68, ’49, 329–34; MBlack, An Aramaic Approach3, ’67, 93–95.—DELG. M-M.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία >

  • 17 שרף I

    שָׂרַףI (b. h.; onomatop.) (to sip, absorb, v. שָׂרַף II, to consume, burn. Pes.I, 4 ושׂוֹרְפִין … שש and the burning (of leavened matter) must take place at the beginning of the sixth hour. Ab. Zar.11a שׂורְפִין על המלכים we do burning at the burial of kings; ומה הן שורפיןוכ׳ and what is burnt? Their couch and their objects of service (armor); Tosef.Snh.IV, 3; Tosef.Sabb.VII (VIII), 18; a. fr.Part. pass. שָׂרוּף; f. שְׂרוּפָה Nidd.24b עצמותיו שְׂרוּפִין, v. שְׁתִיָּה I; a. e. Nif. נִשְׂרַף to be burnt. Num. R. s. 236> ונ׳ על שמעלוכ׳ and he (Achan) was burned (after being stoned), because he had misappropriated devoted things. Pes.34b יִשָּׂרֵף מיד must be burned at once. Tosef. ib. V, 8 כשם … אינו נִשְׂרָףוכ׳ as the wooden spit (on which the Passover lamb is roasted) does not burn, so the metal spit does not get hot. Zeb.XII, 5 בזמן שהם נִשְׂרָפִין כמצותן נשרפיןוכ׳ when they are burned according to the law concerning them (and not because of a disqualification), they are burned in the ash-house. Ib. a. fr. פרים הנִשְׂרָפִיםוכ׳ the bullock sacrifices which the law requires to be burned; a. fr.Y.Taan.I, 64b top תשרף, read תשרה, v. שָׁרָה I.

    Jewish literature > שרף I

  • 18 שָׂרַף

    שָׂרַףI (b. h.; onomatop.) (to sip, absorb, v. שָׂרַף II, to consume, burn. Pes.I, 4 ושׂוֹרְפִין … שש and the burning (of leavened matter) must take place at the beginning of the sixth hour. Ab. Zar.11a שׂורְפִין על המלכים we do burning at the burial of kings; ומה הן שורפיןוכ׳ and what is burnt? Their couch and their objects of service (armor); Tosef.Snh.IV, 3; Tosef.Sabb.VII (VIII), 18; a. fr.Part. pass. שָׂרוּף; f. שְׂרוּפָה Nidd.24b עצמותיו שְׂרוּפִין, v. שְׁתִיָּה I; a. e. Nif. נִשְׂרַף to be burnt. Num. R. s. 236> ונ׳ על שמעלוכ׳ and he (Achan) was burned (after being stoned), because he had misappropriated devoted things. Pes.34b יִשָּׂרֵף מיד must be burned at once. Tosef. ib. V, 8 כשם … אינו נִשְׂרָףוכ׳ as the wooden spit (on which the Passover lamb is roasted) does not burn, so the metal spit does not get hot. Zeb.XII, 5 בזמן שהם נִשְׂרָפִין כמצותן נשרפיןוכ׳ when they are burned according to the law concerning them (and not because of a disqualification), they are burned in the ash-house. Ib. a. fr. פרים הנִשְׂרָפִיםוכ׳ the bullock sacrifices which the law requires to be burned; a. fr.Y.Taan.I, 64b top תשרף, read תשרה, v. שָׁרָה I.

    Jewish literature > שָׂרַף

  • 19 законным порядком

    1) Diplomatic term: legally
    2) leg.N.P. as required by law, as the law requires, in accordance with the law

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > законным порядком

  • 20 חמר

    חֲמַרch. same. Pa. חַמּר, Af. אַחְמִיר as preced. Hif.Y.Shek.VIII, 50c bot. (read:) חמתון מקילין לון וחַ׳וכ׳ he saw them to be lax in their practices, and he enjoined strictness on them. Yeb.88a לא לִיחַמֵּירוכ׳ let one not put her under heavy restrictions (in the end), and not make it too easy for her (in the beginning, v. preced). Nidd.66a היכא דאַחְמוּרוכ׳ in those cases in which they have placed themselves under greater restrictions (than the law requires, v. preced.), they have done so (and follow the usage like a law), but where they have not (you cannot extend the adopted usage by analogy); a. fr.Part. pass. מַחְמַר, מְחַמַּר piled up, ruins; v. מַחְמר a. דִּמְחַמְרָא. Ithpa. אִתְחַמֵּר to be piled up, to form a pile of ruins (cmp. גַּל). Targ. Is. 17:9; 30:13.

    Jewish literature > חמר

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